•.text – Machine instructions
•.data – Initialized variables, e.g. int a=0;
•.bss – Uninitialized variables, e.g. int a;
•Heap – dynamically allocated variables, grows in size towards the stack
•Stack – tracks function calls recursively, grows in size towards the
heap
•Environment/Arguments – system-level variables (e.g. PATH) and
command-line arguments given at runtime